Over the past few years, the Company has partnered with large institutional
real estate private equity investors such as The Carlyle Group and Citigroup
Property Investors, and with institutional lenders such as Prudential, JP
Morgan and Wachovia. IRE also has a sizeable pool of individual investors,
developed throughout Infinity Principals’ long history of syndication and
strategic partnering. These include high net worth individuals with family
ties to Infinity’s principals, owners or CEOs of strategic partner
companies, and 1031 investors interested in the firm’s retail syndication
program.
To ensure the responsible stewardship of its partners’ capital, IRE adheres
to a disciplined investment and management process aimed at minimizing risk
and at screening opportunities best positioned to maximize investor returns.
Investment Sourcing & Screening
Our principals have deep existing relationships in our markets, with brokers
and owners alike. While we occasionally pursue opportunities coming from
unknown sellers or sources, we primarily leverage the relationships we have
developed to create off-market investment opportunities.
We apply the following thought process to the pipeline of opportunities
available to us in determining what fits inside the “Strike Zone” for
Infinity Real Estate.
IRE’s Value Investing Rule: Identifying Under-Valued Real Estate.
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Does the opportunity offer over-discounted risk and/or an
abnormally low investment basis?
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Can we find an asset with great physical and location attributes
that is inefficiently priced by the market because it is temporarily
flawed, under-managed, or under-improved?
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Can we find an asset with great physical and location attributes
that is inefficiently priced by the market because it is temporarily
flawed, under-managed, or under-improved?
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Can we find great real estate assets in superior locations, with
physical, structural, leasing or branding challenges that can be
remedied by IRE’s management and value-add strategies?
IRE’s Macro Thesis Rule: Capitalizing on insights about emerging long term trends.
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Can we find great real estate assets in superior locations, with
physical, structural, leasing or branding challenges that can be
remedied by IRE’s management and value-add strategies?
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Is the investment taking advantage of macro trends in migration and
population growth?
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Are we investing into early stages of growing demand wave for a
product type or location?
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Are we investing into early stages of growing demand wave for a
product type or location?
IRE’s Strike Zone Rule: Building around our Expertise and Strengths.
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Does the Investment Profile fit for our strategy, business plan, and long term goals?
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Is the Property in a Regional Market where we want to be growing?
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Is the Deal Size and Structure comfortable for Infinity Real Estate’s Portfolio?
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Does the Property Type Leverage our Skills and Experience?
Investment Underwriting & Due Diligence
In order to stress-test our valuation and risk assessment, we complete a
rigorous underwriting of every investment and conduct a thorough financial,
technical, and qualitative due diligence early in the process.. This
involves (i) a detailed market analysis of competitive supply and drivers of
market demand, (ii) an in-house analysis of all property level forecasts and
operating assumptions against available historical data, (iii) an
independent technical review of building systems and construction quality,
deferred maintenance, and environmental issues, and (iv) an analysis of all
legal, tax, and deal structure issues associated with the investment.
We conduct this disciplined risk assessment for each and every investment.
We stress-test the proposed value add execution plan with our operating
teams, venture partners, and third-party consultants, and ensure that our
risk assessment conclusions provide a significant margin of safety.
IRE’s Market Health Analysis: The Supply-Demand Underwriting
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As part of our assessment of any property investment, we review
updated macroeconomic data including area economic drivers and large
industries, employment growth, migration trends, population
characteristics, and income.
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We analyze the most recent real estate sub-market and property
sector specific data (supply of new product, regulatory environment
for new additions, demand trends, relevant lease RFPs in the market,
lease terms prevailing, rent levels and trends, concessions, etc).
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We complete a competitive market analysis (identifying competing
properties, their location, physical and leasing attributes), and we
gather relevant insights from local brokers, owners, developers, and
City Planning department officials to complement our research.
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We assess the local market’s appeal to the investor marketplace by
evaluating the pool of active investors, reviewing recent
transactions, and compiling data on comparable asset sales.
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This competitive supply and market demand review may include a
combination of in-house research, third party consultant reports,
and specialized target market surveys.
IRE’s Financial Asset Analysis: The Valuation Underwriting
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We capture the quantitative risk-reward profile and attractiveness
of an investment using a cost model, and a discounted cash flow
model that measure the investment’s (i) all-in cost after
redevelopment and repositioning, (ii) expected cash on cash yield
upon stabilization, (ii) total profit potential and equity multiple,
and (iii) expected total return over our investment horizon.
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To confirm our financial underwriting assumptions, we review
several years of historical financial statements, rent rolls, lease
abstracts or other forms of income contracts, , lease correspondence
and estoppels, analyze other billings, and interview major tenants.
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We complete a detailed analysis of current year budgets, analyze
operating expense forecasts both against historicals and service
contracts, and investigate expected real estate taxes, utility and
insurance costs, tenant reimbursables, receivables and payables.
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Our capital expense review is based on an engineering expert’s
Property Condition Assessment.
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All of this information and analysis is captured in our final
financial underwriting model, which focuses solely on the
investment’s expected cash flows.
IRE’s Physical Property Condition Analysis: The Engineering Due Diligence
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Our due diligence of all acquisition assets includes an expert
technical review of the foundation system(s), structural frame,
exterior skins and facades, vertical transportation systems,
heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, as well as a full
assessment of deferred maintenance and potential exposure to
up-coming capital expense.
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Our due diligence of any development project that IRE did not
manage from inception would include an in-house review of all
construction plans and specifications, construction schedules, hard
and soft cost budgets, in-place regulatory development approvals,
utility availability documents, and a full assessment of contractor
qualifications.
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Our physical due diligence always includes an environmental site
assessment, and a review of Fire Code and ADA compliance, and of all
required Licenses, Permits, Warranties, and Certificates of
Occupancy.
IRE’s Legal Investment Analysis: The Legal Due Diligence
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Our Legal Diligence of property investments includes a review of
all title insurance policy and underlying documents, site ALTA
surveys, zoning compliance and entitlements, operating permits,
business licenses, and certificates of occupancy.
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Our transaction and local counsels review leases and other
revenue-producing agreements, operating service contracts, third
party estoppels and consents, and any development related documents
proposed or assumed at purchase.
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We also review any historic litigation and insurance losses on the
property, complete litigation searches on acquired or partner
entities, and prepare legal memoranda and opinion as required.
Project Management & Asset Management
Our team employs a hands-on management style to control the development and
management of our properties. This mindset is imbedded in our partnership
culture and family history, and is reflective of the skill sets of our
principals. Our expertise lies in our ability to execute a complex
production process with steadfast discipline, while making swift and
flexible adjustments to enable product improvements when opportunities to
enhance our cost-quality relationship arise.
Hands-On Project Management
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IRE’s development project management protocols are aimed at
imposing its quality control and results-focused culture onto all of
its construction partners and service providers.
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Our management systems are designed to provide early warning
signals for any deviations from budgets and schedules, and to
monitor any opportunity that may arise to improve the cost-quality
relationship of our finished product.
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Each project or asset is under the supervision of an IRE Project
Manager who acts as the Asset CEO, and of an IRE Principal who acts
as the Asset Owner on behalf of IRE’s partners.
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These individuals provide a hands-on daily and weekly focus on the
development or redevelopment process, reviewing construction
progress reports, approving all change orders, preparing monthly
draw requests, tracking milestones and execution issues, monitoring
construction schedules, lease-up targets, and operating ramp-up
objectives.
Aggressive Asset Management
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Deals are managed from acquisition/development to exit by the same
Principal and Project Manager in order to ensure continuity,
accountability, and consistency in our execution.
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For every asset we acquire, we develop an 18-24 month Value
Creation Plan and Execution Timeline with key risk mitigation
milestones, and an interim operating plan.
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Along with their teams, our Asset Principals conduct monthly and
quarterly “deep dives” on different issues affecting the property’s
repositioning and value enhancements, in order to proactively
address any potential challenges and opportunities.
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Project Managers are responsible for the day-to-day oversight of
their projects, with responsibility for approving leases that
conform to the business plan, approving annual property budgets,
reviewing monthly operating reports, and monitoring leasing market
conditions.
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We aggressively market our assets, and invest considerably in the
thinking behind branding and positioning of our properties relative
to their competitors.
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Our development personnel, leasing brokers, and property managers
adhere to strict guidelines throughout the value creation process,
with the aim of maximizing cash flow, improving the tenant profile,
and controlling expenses.
Investor Reporting & Financial Controls
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Whether investments are made by IRE on its own or in partnership
with other investors, we always invest considerable time in the
production of Clear, Concise, and Candid investor reports.
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These quarterly reports are focused on delivering transparent,
insightful, and timely updates to our partners, not on overwhelming
them with onerous project information.
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We will from time to time offer our assessment on changes to the
asset or investment’s current market value, only if a milestone or
material event has occurred in the life cycle of the investment
(certificate of occupancy, new long term lease, etc.)
Asset Refinancing & Harvesting
While our investment holding period typically ranges between five and ten
years, IRE has a track record of successfully executing its value added
strategies, and harvesting them through early refinancing, recapitalization,
or outright disposition within a one to three year period. In all cases
however, when recycling part or all of its capital out of an investment, IRE
ensures that the asset remains conservatively financed, and that our new
lenders or capital partners receive attractive economics in the its long
term value.
Financing & Refinancing Investments
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Our basic financing philosophy aims to match the term of our
assets with the term of the leverage associated. We will initially
finance a property with significant near-term redevelopment or lease
roll-over, and potential for short-term value appreciation, with
short-term debt. Once stabilized, we finance long-dated assets with
fixed rate long term debt.
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Our initial financing is structured based on our asset value add
strategy. It reflects our business plan for managing the asset’s
reinvention process and its underlying risks. It usually involves a
phased loan balance draw down, limited debt service, and flexible
initial terms.
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After the initial redevelopment and repositioning is complete, and
long-term stable leases are in place, we may seek to sell a partial
interest in the asset, or simply to refinance and get additional
loan proceeds in order to recapitalize based on the market value
created.
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At all times, irrespective of where our individual assets are in
their life cycle, we continuously monitor our portfolio to take
advantage of refinancing opportunities that enhance our investment
capital’s risk reward profile.
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IRE develops and maintains close relationships with lenders with
different specialty and focus, including Wall Street banks, life
insurance companies and portfolio lenders, local banks with a
regional focus, and mezzanine investors and lenders focused on
higher yielding bridge loan opportunities.
Harvesting Investment Value
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On each investment, the Principal’s role is to provide proactive
oversight, management, and strategic guidance to ensure consistent
results on the operations of our underlying properties.
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The team also reevaluates the asset’s business plan annually,
reviewing all asset-level milestones, and re-assessing market
conditions to determine if adjustments should be made to address new
risks or opportunities.
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We seek to optimize capital structure throughout our ownership
term, by maximizing our flexibility to accommodate capital events,
and minimizing debt service costs.
Asset Sale & Investment Dispositions
IRE continually re-evaluates resale opportunities for its assets.
Appropriate holding period and capital strategy are first determined at
acquisition, and later adjusted based on the alignment between
property-level value creating events (a refurbishment, a large new lease, or
large lease renewal) and market level liquidity. When we decide to resell an
asset, our disposition strategy seeks to take advantage of prevailing
capital market conditions and to maximize investment profits. However, we
approach a sale as a partner selection process, choosing to view a buyer as
an entity we are associated to by extension, as we turn over our tenants and
clients to this new owner’s stewardship.
Asset Disposition Decisions
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To kick start a disposition process, the Project Manager presents
a brief disposition memorandum to the IRE Partners for approval,
articulating the rationale for the recommended sale and showing the
investment’s resulting return and profit metrics compared to our
original underwriting.
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We generally have a bias towards holding assets, informed by the
extensive empirical data demonstrating the superior returns achieved
by long term holders. However we recognize the impetus for value
creation imposed on our organization by having defined potential
exit horizons.
Asset Disposition Execution
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If we decide to move forward with a sale, we interview some of the
best local intermediaries, with a focus on selecting the brokers
perceived as most credible in the asset’s targeted investment
community.
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We remain directly involved in the selection of a potential buyer,
conducting interviews with, and reference checks on its principals
to assess their reputation, and reviewing financial statements to
support their credit-worthiness.
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We actively manage the sale transaction, facilitating due
diligence, and ensuring a smooth transition of operations to a new
ownership group, in order to avoid any disruptions for our tenant
partners.
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